Some More on 2018 Economics Nobel Prize winners

Yale economist Nordhaus is commonly seen as a pioneer in environmental economics. Since the first murmurings of climate change in the 1970s, he has warned governments of the dangers of global warming, pointing to their economic models as contributing factors. As a prolific researcher, he has produced multiple models designed to alleviate these effects, the best known of which - his Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy (DICE) model - was adopted by the US Environmental Protection Agency, and has been used to measure the impact of climate policy interventions. In more recent years, he has become a public and very vocal advocate for a universally imposed carbon tax as the best means of tackling greenhouse gas emissions.
Romer’s research has promoted the so-called ‘endogenous growth theory’, which posits that countries can ensure economic growth through a focus on supply-side measures, i.e. investments in human capital, innovation, and knowledge. Further, he has argued that technological change can be induced by appropriate state intervention, specifically, in the form of R&D tax credits and patent regulation. 
In accepting the award, both economists looked beyond the precariousness of the current moment and remained optimistic about the future. Acknowledging the Trump administration's climate change scepticism, Nordhaus did concede that the US faces ‘a difficult period’. Nonetheless, he was unerring in his confidence that the country is sufficiently equipped to see it through. Equally hopeful, Romer said he believed the prize’s announcement would reinforce the message that ‘people are capable of amazing things when they set about doing something’. With positivity so conspicuously absent from recent public discourse, it was refreshing to hear it from two experts whose fields offer so much opportunity for pessimism. In tackling both inequality and climate change, it is exactly the mentality we need to harness.
From: inomics.com

NOBEL PRIZE IN ECONOMICS 2018

Economists Paul Romer and William Nordhaus have both been awarded 2018's Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, often considered to be the most prestigious prize in the field of economics.

The prize is given to an economist who has made a substantial contribution toward the subject, with an award of more than $1 million.

Both men were given the prize for their roles in changes to long-term economic forecasting.

Romer, a former chief economist of the World Bank, received the prize "for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis."

Nordhaus, often considered the father of climate change economics, won "for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis."

Nordhaus, 77, began working on environmental issues in the early 1970s and has been trying to measure the economic costs of global warming ever since. In the 1990s, he became the first person to create a model that calculates the interplay between the economy and the climate.

Human activity has contributed to the rapid increases in average global temperatures over the last 100 years. 2018 Economic Sciences laureate William Nordhaus’ research shows how economic activity interacts with basic chemistry and physics to produce climate change.

Nordhaus warned in a recent paper that it’s “unlikely” that nations can achieve the "2 degree" target outlined in the Paris Agreement and that the “carbon price needed to achieve current targets has risen over time as policies have been delayed.”

The 62-year-old Romer, who this year stepped down from his post as Chief Economist at the World Bank after a rocky term, has argued that policymakers should stop trying to fine-tune the business cycle and instead promote new technology. His work published in 1990 has served as the foundation for what’s called “endogenous growth theory,” a rich area of research into the regulations and policies that encourage new ideas and long-term prosperity.

Romer’s research laid the foundation of what is now called endogenous growth theory. The theory has generated vast amounts of new research into the regulations and policies that encourage new ideas and long-term prosperity. 

Romer has been a long-time presence on shortlists for the Nobel, and was even mistakenly announced as a winner by NYU in 2016. But in recent years his attacks on economic models have irritated many of his colleagues.

In a paper based on a 2016 January lecture he declared, “For more than three decades, macroeconomics has gone backwards” by abandoning a commitment to objective facts in favor of models. The “dismissal of fact goes so far beyond post-modern irony that it deserves its own label. I suggest ‘post-real’,” he said.

This year’s laureates were announced as the United Nations issued a stark warning on the growing threat of climate change, adding pressure on policy makers and business leaders to do more to address the risks. It also comes a little over a year after U.S. President Donald Trump dragged the world’s biggest economy out of the Paris climate accord.

The Swedish Academy said that Nordhaus and Romer “do not deliver conclusive answers, but their findings have brought us considerably closer to answering the question of how we can achieve sustained and sustainable global economic growth.”

Brief Biography:

                                                                William Nordhaus

Born in Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1941, Nordhaus did his undergraduate work at Yale and earned a doctorate in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge in 1967. He returned to Yale to teach that year and has been at the New Haven, Connecticut-based university since, except for a two-year stint as a member of President Jimmy Carter’s Council of Economic Advisers from 1977 to 1979.

He is also the co-author of a popular economics textbook with the late Paul Samuelson, who won the Nobel Prize in economics in 1970.

                                                               Paul Romer

Romer is a native of Denver whose father is Roy Romer, a former governor of Colorado. He earned a bachelor’s degree in mathematics from the University of Chicago. After doing graduate work at MIT and Queens University, he received a doctorate in economics from the University of Chicago in 1983.

At Chicago, Romer studied under 1995 Nobel Prize-winner Robert Lucas, who was influenced by the free-market theories of Milton Friedman. Even so, he dismissed the university’s long-held precept that markets always produce efficient results, arguing that competition isn’t perfect and sometimes needs help.